4 Astuces pour mémoriser des informations à long terme
Combien de fois vous est-il arrivé d’apprendre quelque chose, de le mémoriser, et de vous en souvenir parfaitement plusieurs mois après ?
Je pense probablement jamais
Nous oublions les informations apprises au fil du temps si nous ne faisons pas un effort pour les conserver.
Peu importe la technique de mémorisation utilisée (méthode chaîne, palais mental, carte mentale, flashcard…etc.)
Nous devons faire face à ce constat
On finit par oublier les informations mémorisées
Généralement au bout de quelques jours
Certaines études suggèrent que nous oublions environ 50% des nouvelles informations dans l’heure qui suit leur apprentissage.
Cela monte à une moyenne de 70% en 24 heures. (Certains parlent même de 90%)
Ainsi
Peu importe la puissance des techniques de mémorisation que vous utilisez, vous oublierez une grosse partie de ce que vous avez appris quelques jours après
Ceci peut être représentée par un graphe comme celui là
Bien sur ce degré d’oubli dépend de plusieurs paramètres
1- Le matériel mémorisé est-il lié à ce que vous connaissez déjà ?
(Si vous faites des études de droit et que vous essayiez de mémoriser des données médicales c’est assez logique d’oublier ces informations rapidement)
2- Avez-vous converti les informations en des images mémorables ?
(Plus l’image est mémorable, plus l’information restera en mémoire longtemps).
3- Avez-vous utilisé une technique de mémorisation appropriée ?
4- Étiez-vous bien concentré lors de l’apprentissage des informations ?
Mais au final le résultat est le même
Il est impossible d’étudier quelque chose qu’une seule fois et le garder en mémoire indéfiniment.
Et malheureusement je ne connais pas une technique ultime qui permet d’ancrer une information à vie. (Et particulièrement les informations complexes)
Pour faire face à ce problème il y a une solution toute simple
La répétition espacée
Qui signifie simplement répéter les informations mémoriser à différents intervalles de temps
Le mot important ici c’est espacé et pas seulement répétition
Ce n’est pas seulement le nombre de répétitions qui devrait vous intéresser
Ça ne sert à rien de faire 20 répétitions en une seule soirée.
Il faut les espacer pour qu’il y ait assez de temps entre les différentes sessions d’apprentissage.
La répétition espacée c’est quoi exactement ?
Eh bien, c’est une méthode d’apprentissage où vous allez revenir aux informations que vous devez apprendre à différents intervalles de temps,
Cet apprentissage espacé renforce la rétention car vous revenez périodiquement aux informations pour les réviser afin de conserver les connaissances acquises,
Ceci peut être représenté par ce graphe
Combien de répétitions et combien de temps entre chaque répétition ?
Le nombre de répétition
Généralement il est recommandé de faire 5 à 7 répétitions, ou au minimum 3 à 5.
Une répétition c’est tout simplement une révision du contenu mémorisé à nouveau,
Ça peut être soit une révision rapide, soit avec des exercices, des mind maps, des flashcards
L’important est de revoir l’information à nouveau
Personnellement je pense que le nombre de répétition devrait se baser sur la complexité des informations dont vous essayez de vous souvenir
un processus métabolique compliqué demandera plus de répétitions pour être consolidé qu’une liste de 20 mots d’une langue étrangère
Astuce pour les étudiants
Peu importe le nombre de répétitions que vous allez faire, prévoyez une dernière la veille d’un grand examen ou test, si possible, pour vous assurer que tout est bien mémorisé.
Maintenant voyant voir la deuxième partie de la répétition espacée
Combien de temps entre chaque répétition ?
Ici la règle à suivre est simple
Étendre le temps entre chaque répétition
Cela signifie simplement allonger les intervalles entre chaque session de révision à chaque fois.
Il n’y a pas de règle exacte à suivre pour déterminer exactement combien de temps vous devez laisser entre chaque session.
Mais il y a tout de même quelques principes à suivre
1. Rapprochez les premières répétitions
L’information nouvellement mémorisée est plus facilement oubliée dans les premiers jours qui suivent sa mémorisation
C’est pour cela qu’il est important de faire un bon nombre de répétition la première semaine après sa première session d’apprentissage
Par exemple si vous mémorisez un texte aujourd’hui et que vous ne le révisez à nouveau qu’une semaine après, vous aurez perdu probablement 90% des informations mémorisées
2- Moins l’information est bien mémorisée plus il faut rapprocher les répétitions
La répétition espacée se base sur la courbe de l’oubli.
En théorie le mieux serait de réviser l’information juste avant de l’oublier.
Mais en pratique il est impossible de savoir quand vous êtes sur le point de l’oublier (Bien qu’il existe plusieurs algorithmes conçus pour calculer ces premiers temps d’oubli).
Ce qu’il est possible de faire cela dit c’est de
Rapprocher vos répétitions pour les informations qui vous donnent du mal.
Par exemple.
Si vous mémorisez 5 pages de contenus et lors de votre première répétition vous trouvez que vous en avez retenu que 50%.
Il faut rapprocher la deuxième répétition.
Puisque plus vous allez attendre pour revoir vos données plus vous allez continuer à les oublier
3- Mieux l’information est bien mémorisée plus il est possible d’espacer les répétitions
Par contre si lors de votre première répétition vous arrivez à garder 90% du contenu en mémoire.
Il serait plus intéressant d’en éloigner la deuxième.
Ça ne sert à rien de réviser tous les jours 05 pages de contenu que vous maîtrisez déjà.
4-Réduire le temps de révision de chaque répétition
Si vous êtes étudiant la bonne nouvelle c’est que ce système peut non seulement améliorer votre mémoire,
Mais aussi réduire le temps d’étude requis.
Cela fonctionne en priorisant la révisions des informations que vous oubliez plus souvent, par rapport à celles dont vous vous souvenez déjà.
Plus l’information a été bien retenue moins vous devez passer de temps à la revoir
Comment Mettre tout cela en pratique ?
Voici un petit système de répétition espacé que vous pouvez tester,
C’est personnellement celui que j’utilisais pendant mes années d’études et il m’a bien servi
Pour moi une session d’étude dure 1 heure, on verra plus en détail dans d’autres articles comment structurer ses différentes sessions
Conclusion
Je sais que la répétition espacée vous semble probablement assez difficile à mettre en pratique !
Et on pense souvent que le mieux serait de tout faire en une seule journée,
Il est certainement possible de tout réviser en une journée avant un examen
Mais
Les résultats ne seront probablement pas au rendez-vous, et vous serez stressés anxieux et fatigués.
Avez-vous un système de répétition espacée ?
Avez-vous déja testé ce genre de système ?
Quels sont les résultats obtenu ?
Laissez moi vos réponses dans les commentaires
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